diff --git a/src/apps/clock/Clock.vue b/src/apps/clock/Clock.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d4658d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/apps/clock/Clock.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+<template>
+  <div class="clock-body">
+    <div class="store-tabs clock-tabs">
+      <button
+        v-for="t in tabs" :key="t[0]"
+        class="store-tab" :class="{ on: tab === t[0] }"
+        :data-tab="t[0]"
+        @click="tab = t[0]"
+      >{{ t[1] }}</button>
+    </div>
+    <div class="clock-content">
+      <!-- 世界时钟 -->
+      <template v-if="tab === 'world'">
+        <div class="clock-addrow">
+          <select class="text-input" @change="addCity(($event.target as HTMLSelectElement).value)">
+            <option value="">添加城市…</option>
+            <option v-for="c in availableCities" :key="c" :value="c">{{ c }}</option>
+          </select>
+        </div>
+        <div class="clock-cities">
+          <div v-for="c in data.cities" :key="c" class="clock-city">
+            <div>
+              <b>{{ c }}</b>
+              <small>{{ tzOffset(c) }}</small>
+            </div>
+            <span class="clock-city-time">{{ fmtTime(c) }}</span>
+            <button class="weather-del" title="删除" @click="removeCity(c)">✕</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </template>
+
+      <!-- 闹钟 -->
+      <template v-if="tab === 'alarm'">
+        <div class="clock-addrow">
+          <input class="text-input" type="number" min="0" max="23" v-model="newAlarmH" style="width:64px">
+          <span>:</span>
+          <input class="text-input" type="number" min="0" max="59" v-model="newAlarmM" style="width:64px">
+          <input class="text-input" type="text" placeholder="标签" v-model="newAlarmLabel">
+          <button class="btn primary" @click="addAlarm">添加闹钟</button>
+        </div>
+        <div class="alarm-list">
+          <div v-if="!data.alarms.length" class="empty-state" style="height:120px">没有闹钟</div>
+          <div v-for="a in data.alarms" :key="a.id" class="alarm-row">
+            <div class="alarm-time">{{ pad(a.h) }}:{{ pad(a.m) }}</div>
+            <div class="alarm-label">{{ a.label || '闹钟' }}</div>
+            <div
+              class="switch" :class="{ on: a.on }"
+              role="switch" :aria-checked="a.on"
+              tabindex="0"
+              @click="toggleAlarm(a)"
+              @keydown.space.prevent="toggleAlarm(a)"
+              @keydown.enter.prevent="toggleAlarm(a)"
+            ></div>
+            <button class="weather-del" title="删除闹钟" @click="removeAlarm(a)">✕</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </template>
+
+      <!-- 秒表 -->
+      <template v-if="tab === 'sw'">
+        <div class="sw-disp">{{ fmtSw() }}</div>
+        <div class="sw-btns">
+          <button class="btn sw-btn" :disabled="!sw.running" @click="swLap">计次</button>
+          <button class="btn primary sw-btn" @click="swToggle">{{ swBtnText }}</button>
+          <button class="btn sw-btn" :disabled="sw.running || sw.acc === 0" @click="swReset">复位</button>
+        </div>
+        <div class="sw-laps">
+          <div v-for="(lp, i) in reversedLaps" :key="i" class="sw-lap">
+            <span>计次 {{ sw.laps.length - i }}</span>
+            <span>{{ fmtSwLap(lp) }}</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </template>
+
+      <!-- 计时器 -->
+      <template v-if="tab === 'timer'">
+        <div class="clock-addrow">
+          <input class="text-input" type="number" min="0" max="180" v-model="timerMin" :disabled="timerRunning" style="width:72px">
+          <span>分</span>
+          <input class="text-input" type="number" min="0" max="59" v-model="timerSec" :disabled="timerRunning" style="width:72px">
+          <span>秒</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="timer-ring" :style="{ '--p': timerProgress }">
+          <div class="sw-disp">{{ fmtTimerDisplay() }}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="sw-btns">
+          <button class="btn sw-btn" @click="timerReset">复位</button>
+          <button class="btn primary sw-btn" @click="timerToggle">{{ timerBtnText }}</button>
+        </div>
+      </template>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { ref, reactive, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch } from 'vue'
+import { clamp, uid } from '../../utils'
+import { store } from '../../composables/useStore'
+import { Notify } from '../../composables/useNotify'
+
+const props = defineProps<{ win: any }>()
+
+// ==================== 常量 ====================
+const tabs: [string, string][] = [['world', '世界时钟'], ['alarm', '闹钟'], ['sw', '秒表'], ['timer', '计时器']]
+
+const cityTZ: Record<string, string> = {
+  '北京': 'Asia/Shanghai', '上海': 'Asia/Shanghai', '东京': 'Asia/Tokyo', '伦敦': 'Europe/London',
+  '巴黎': 'Europe/Paris', '纽约': 'America/New_York', '洛杉矶': 'America/Los_Angeles', '悉尼': 'Australia/Sydney',
+  '迪拜': 'Asia/Dubai', '新加坡': 'Asia/Singapore',
+}
+
+function tzOffsetLabel(tz: string): string {
+  try {
+    const part = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { timeZone: tz, timeZoneName: 'shortOffset' })
+      .formatToParts(new Date()).find(p => p.type === 'timeZoneName')
+    return part ? part.value.replace('GMT', 'UTC').replace(/^UTC$/, 'UTC+0') : ''
+  } catch { return '' }
+}
+
+function beep() {
+  try {
+    const AudioCtx = (window as any).AudioContext || (window as any).webkitAudioContext
+    const ctx = new AudioCtx()
+    const o = ctx.createOscillator(); const g = ctx.createGain()
+    o.connect(g); g.connect(ctx.destination)
+    o.frequency.value = 880
+    const vol = (window as any).Sys?.settings?.muted ? 0 : ((window as any).Sys?.settings?.volume || 1) * 0.3
+    g.gain.setValueAtTime(vol, ctx.currentTime)
+    o.start()
+    g.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, ctx.currentTime + 1.2)
+    o.stop(ctx.currentTime + 1.3)
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+// ==================== 持久化数据 ====================
+const data = reactive(store.get('clock', {
+  cities: ['上海', '东京', '伦敦', '纽约'],
+  alarms: [{ id: 'a1', h: 8, m: 30, label: '起床', on: false }]
+}))
+
+function persist() { store.set('clock', { cities: data.cities, alarms: data.alarms }) }
+
+// ==================== 共享 ====================
+const tab = ref('world')
+const now = ref(Date.now())
+let timer: any = null
+
+function pad(n: number) { return String(n).padStart(2, '0') }
+
+// ==================== 世界时钟 ====================
+const availableCities = computed(() => Object.keys(cityTZ).filter(c => !data.cities.includes(c)))
+
+function tzOffset(city: string): string { return tzOffsetLabel(cityTZ[city] || '') }
+
+function fmtTime(city: string): string {
+  const tz = cityTZ[city]
+  if (!tz) return '--:--'
+  const d = new Date(now.value)
+  const h24 = (window as any).Sys?.settings?.h24 ?? true
+  const h = parseInt(new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { timeZone: tz, hour: 'numeric', hour12: false }).format(d))
+  const m = parseInt(new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { timeZone: tz, minute: 'numeric' }).format(d))
+  if (h24) return `${pad(h)}:${pad(m)}`
+  const ampm = h >= 12 ? '下午' : '上午'
+  const h12 = h % 12 || 12
+  return `${ampm}${h12}:${pad(m)}`
+}
+
+function addCity(city: string) {
+  if (!city || data.cities.includes(city)) return
+  data.cities.push(city); persist()
+}
+
+function removeCity(city: string) {
+  data.cities = data.cities.filter(c => c !== city); persist()
+}
+
+// ==================== 闹钟 ====================
+const newAlarmH = ref(8)
+const newAlarmM = ref(0)
+const newAlarmLabel = ref('闹钟')
+const firedKeys = new Set<string>()
+
+function addAlarm() {
+  const h = clamp(newAlarmH.value, 0, 23)
+  const m = clamp(newAlarmM.value, 0, 59)
+  data.alarms.push({ id: uid(), h, m, label: newAlarmLabel.value.trim() || '闹钟', on: true })
+  persist()
+}
+
+function toggleAlarm(a: any) { a.on = !a.on; persist() }
+
+function removeAlarm(a: any) {
+  data.alarms = data.alarms.filter((x: any) => x !== a); persist()
+}
+
+function checkAlarms() {
+  const d = new Date(now.value)
+  const hm = d.getHours() * 60 + d.getMinutes()
+  for (const a of data.alarms) {
+    if (!a.on) continue
+    const key = `_fired_${a.id}_${d.toDateString()}`
+    if (a.h * 60 + a.m === hm && !firedKeys.has(key)) {
+      firedKeys.add(key)
+      Notify.send({ appId: 'clock', title: '闹钟', body: `${a.label || '闹钟'} ${pad(a.h)}:${pad(a.m)}` })
+      beep()
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ==================== 秒表 ====================
+const sw = reactive({ running: false, t0: 0, acc: 0, laps: [] as number[] })
+
+function fmtSwMs(ms: number): string {
+  const t = Math.floor(ms / 100)
+  return `${pad(Math.floor(t / 600))}:${pad(Math.floor(t / 10) % 60)}.${t % 10}`
+}
+
+function swCur(): number { return sw.acc + (sw.running ? Date.now() - sw.t0 : 0) }
+
+function fmtSw(): string { return fmtSwMs(swCur()) }
+
+function fmtSwLap(ms: number): string { return fmtSwMs(ms) }
+
+const swBtnText = computed(() => sw.running ? '暂停' : (sw.acc > 0 ? '继续' : '开始'))
+
+const reversedLaps = computed(() => [...sw.laps].reverse())
+
+function swToggle() {
+  sw.running = !sw.running
+  if (sw.running) sw.t0 = Date.now()
+  else sw.acc += Date.now() - sw.t0
+}
+
+function swLap() { sw.laps.push(swCur()) }
+
+function swReset() { sw.running = false; sw.t0 = 0; sw.acc = 0; sw.laps = [] }
+
+// ==================== 计时器 ====================
+const timerMin = ref(5)
+const timerSec = ref(0)
+const timerRunning = ref(false)
+const timerLeft = ref(0)
+const timerTotal = ref(0)
+const timerEndAt = ref(0)
+const timerNotified = ref(false)
+
+function timerCurLeft(): number {
+  if (timerRunning.value) return Math.max(0, timerEndAt.value - Date.now())
+  return timerLeft.value
+}
+
+const timerProgress = computed(() => {
+  if (!timerTotal.value) return '0'
+  return String(1 - timerCurLeft() / timerTotal.value)
+})
+
+const timerBtnText = computed(() => {
+  if (timerRunning.value) return '暂停'
+  if (timerLeft.value > 0) return '继续'
+  return '开始'
+})
+
+function fmtTimerMs(ms: number): string {
+  const t = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(ms / 1000))
+  return `${pad(Math.floor(t / 60))}:${pad(t % 60)}`
+}
+
+function fmtTimerDisplay(): string {
+  const left = timerCurLeft()
+  if (!timerRunning.value && left <= 0) {
+    return fmtTimerMs((timerMin.value * 60 + timerSec.value) * 1000)
+  }
+  return fmtTimerMs(left)
+}
+
+function timerToggle() {
+  if (timerRunning.value) {
+    timerLeft.value = Math.max(0, timerEndAt.value - Date.now())
+    timerRunning.value = false
+    return
+  }
+  if (timerLeft.value <= 0) {
+    timerTotal.value = (timerMin.value * 60 + timerSec.value) * 1000
+    if (timerTotal.value <= 0) return
+    timerLeft.value = timerTotal.value
+  }
+  timerEndAt.value = Date.now() + timerLeft.value
+  timerNotified.value = false
+  timerRunning.value = true
+}
+
+function timerReset() {
+  timerRunning.value = false
+  timerLeft.value = 0
+  timerTotal.value = 0
+  timerNotified.value = false
+}
+
+function timerTick() {
+  if (!timerRunning.value) return
+  if (timerEndAt.value - Date.now() <= 0) {
+    timerRunning.value = false
+    timerLeft.value = 0
+    if (!timerNotified.value) {
+      timerNotified.value = true
+      Notify.send({ appId: 'clock', title: '计时器', body: '时间到！', breakthrough: true })
+      beep()
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ==================== 生命周期 ====================
+onMounted(() => {
+  timer = setInterval(() => {
+    now.value = Date.now()
+    if (tab.value === 'alarm') checkAlarms()
+    timerTick()
+  }, 500)
+})
+
+onUnmounted(() => { clearInterval(timer) })
+
+// ==================== 确认关闭 ====================
+watch(() => props.win, (w) => {
+  if (!w) return
+  w.confirmClose = (done: () => void, cancel: () => void) => {
+    if (!sw.running && !timerRunning.value) return done()
+    const what = timerRunning.value ? '计时器正在运行，关闭窗口将停止计时。' : '秒表正在运行，关闭窗口将停止计时。'
+    const ui = (window as any).ui
+    if (ui) {
+      ui.dialog({ icon: '/assets/icons/clock.svg', title: '关闭时钟？', msg: what, buttons: ['取消', '关闭'] })
+        .then((r: any) => { r.index === 1 ? done() : cancel() })
+    } else { done() }
+  }
+}, { immediate: true })
+
+// 暴露给 menus
+defineExpose({ tab, sw, timerRunning, timerLeft })
+</script>
diff --git a/src/apps/clock/index.ts b/src/apps/clock/index.ts
index c5e6c72..5409d38 100644
--- a/src/apps/clock/index.ts
+++ b/src/apps/clock/index.ts
@@ -1,84 +1,16 @@
-// 时钟应用 — 从 js/apps3.js 手动转写
-import { el, $$, clamp, uid, fmtTimeHM } from '../../utils'
-import { store as Store } from '../../composables/useStore'
-import { ui as UI } from '../../composables/useUI'
+// 时钟应用 — Vue 组件化
+import { h, render } from 'vue'
 import { Apps, stdMenus } from '../../composables/useApps'
-import { Notify } from '../../composables/useNotify'
-const Sys = () => (window as any).Sys
+import ClockComponent from './Clock.vue'
 
 export const ClockApp = {
   id: 'clock', name: '时钟', icon: '/assets/icons/clock.svg',
   w: 680, h: 480, minW: 480, minH: 360,
   menus() { return stdMenus(this) },
-  store: {
-    get(): any { return Store.get('clock', { cities: ['上海', '东京', '伦敦', '纽约'], alarms: [{ id: 'a1', h: 8, m: 30, label: '起床', on: false }] }) },
-    set(v: any) { Store.set('clock', v) }
-  },
-  cityTZ: {
-    '北京': 'Asia/Shanghai', '上海': 'Asia/Shanghai', '东京': 'Asia/Tokyo', '伦敦': 'Europe/London',
-    '巴黎': 'Europe/Paris', '纽约': 'America/New_York', '洛杉矶': 'America/Los_Angeles', '悉尼': 'Australia/Sydney',
-    '迪拜': 'Asia/Dubai', '新加坡': 'Asia/Singapore',
-  } as Record<string, string>,
-  tzOffsetLabel(tz: string) {
-    try { const part = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { timeZone: tz, timeZoneName: 'shortOffset' }).formatToParts(new Date()).find(p => p.type === 'timeZoneName'); return part ? part.value.replace('GMT', 'UTC').replace(/^UTC$/, 'UTC+0') : '' } catch (e) { return '' }
-  },
-  beep() {
-    try { const ctx = new ((window as any).AudioContext || (window as any).webkitAudioContext)(); const o = ctx.createOscillator(), g = ctx.createGain(); o.connect(g); g.connect(ctx.destination); o.frequency.value = 880; const S = Sys(); g.gain.setValueAtTime(S.settings.muted ? 0 : S.settings.volume * 0.3, ctx.currentTime); o.start(); g.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, ctx.currentTime + 1.2); o.stop(ctx.currentTime + 1.3) } catch (e) {}
-  },
-  tick() {
-    const st = this.store.get(); const now = new Date(); const hm = now.getHours() * 60 + now.getMinutes()
-    for (const a of st.alarms) { if (!a.on) continue; const key = '_fired_' + a.id + '_' + now.toDateString(); if (a.h * 60 + a.m === hm && !(this as any)[key]) { (this as any)[key] = true; Notify.send({ appId: 'clock', title: '闹钟', body: `${a.label || '闹钟'} ${String(a.h).padStart(2, '0')}:${String(a.m).padStart(2, '0')}` }); this.beep() } }
-  },
   render(win: any) {
-    const S = Sys()
-    const st = win.appState = { tab: 'world', data: this.store.get(), sw: { running: false, t0: 0, acc: 0, laps: [] as number[] }, timer: { left: 0, running: false, total: 0, notified: false, endAt: 0 } }
-    win.body.classList.add('clock-body')
-    const tabbar = el('div', { class: 'store-tabs clock-tabs' }), content = el('div', { class: 'clock-content' })
-    win.body.append(tabbar, content)
-    const save = () => this.store.set(st.data)
-    const tabs: [string, string][] = [['world', '世界时钟'], ['alarm', '闹钟'], ['sw', '秒表'], ['timer', '计时器']]
-    tabs.forEach(([id, name]) => { const b = el('button', { class: 'store-tab', text: name, dataset: { tab: id } }); b.addEventListener('click', () => go(id)); tabbar.append(b) })
-    const go = (id: string) => { st.tab = id; $$('.store-tab', tabbar).forEach((n: HTMLElement) => n.classList.toggle('on', n.dataset.tab === id)); content.innerHTML = ''; (this as any)['render_' + id](content, st, save) }
-    win.timers.push(setInterval(() => { if (!document.body.contains(content)) return; if (st.tab === 'world') this.render_world(content, st, save, true); if (st.sw.running && (this as any)._swTick) (this as any)._swTick(); if (st.timer.running && (this as any)._timerTick) (this as any)._timerTick() }, 500))
-    win.confirmClose = (done: () => void, cancel: () => void) => { if (!st.sw.running && !st.timer.running) return done(); const what = st.timer.running ? '计时器正在运行，关闭窗口将停止计时。' : '秒表正在运行，关闭窗口将停止计时。'; UI.dialog({ icon: this.icon, title: '关闭时钟？', msg: what, buttons: ['取消', '关闭'] }).then((r: any) => { r.index === 1 ? done() : cancel() }) }
-    go('world')
+    const vnode = h(ClockComponent, { win })
+    render(vnode, win.body)
   },
-  render_world(box: HTMLElement, st: any, save: () => void, soft?: boolean) {
-    const S = Sys(); const now = new Date()
-    if (!soft) { box.innerHTML = ''; const sel = el('select', { class: 'text-input' }, el('option', { text: '添加城市…', value: '' }), ...Object.keys(this.cityTZ).filter(c => !st.data.cities.includes(c)).map(c => el('option', { text: c, value: c }))); (sel as HTMLSelectElement).addEventListener('change', () => { if ((sel as HTMLSelectElement).value) { st.data.cities.push((sel as HTMLSelectElement).value); save(); this.render_world(box, st, save) } }); box.append(el('div', { class: 'clock-addrow' }, sel), el('div', { class: 'clock-cities' })) }
-    const list = box.querySelector('.clock-cities')!; list.innerHTML = ''
-    st.data.cities.forEach((c: string) => { const tz = this.cityTZ[c]; if (!tz) return; const row = el('div', { class: 'clock-city' }, el('div', null, el('b', { text: c }), el('small', { text: this.tzOffsetLabel(tz) })), el('span', { class: 'clock-city-time', text: fmtTimeHM(now, S.settings.h24, tz) }), el('button', { class: 'weather-del', text: '✕', title: '删除', onclick: () => { st.data.cities = st.data.cities.filter((x: string) => x !== c); save(); this.render_world(box, st, save) } })); list.append(row) })
-  },
-  render_alarm(box: HTMLElement, st: any, save: () => void) {
-    box.innerHTML = ''; const list = el('div', { class: 'alarm-list' })
-    const renderList = () => { list.innerHTML = ''; if (!st.data.alarms.length) list.append(el('div', { class: 'empty-state', style: { height: '120px' }, text: '没有闹钟' })); st.data.alarms.forEach((a: any) => { const sw = el('div', { class: 'switch' + (a.on ? ' on' : ''), role: 'switch', 'aria-checked': String(!!a.on), tabindex: '0' }); const flipSw = () => { a.on = !a.on; sw.classList.toggle('on', a.on); sw.setAttribute('aria-checked', String(!!a.on)); save() }; sw.addEventListener('click', flipSw); sw.addEventListener('keydown', (e: KeyboardEvent) => { if (e.key === ' ' || e.key === 'Enter') { e.preventDefault(); flipSw() } }); list.append(el('div', { class: 'alarm-row' }, el('div', { class: 'alarm-time', text: `${String(a.h).padStart(2, '0')}:${String(a.m).padStart(2, '0')}` }), el('div', { class: 'alarm-label', text: a.label || '闹钟' }), sw, el('button', { class: 'weather-del', text: '✕', title: '删除闹钟', onclick: () => { st.data.alarms = st.data.alarms.filter((x: any) => x !== a); save(); renderList() } }))) }) }
-    const hIn = el('input', { class: 'text-input', type: 'number', min: '0', max: '23', value: '8', style: { width: '64px' } }); const mIn = el('input', { class: 'text-input', type: 'number', min: '0', max: '59', value: '0', style: { width: '64px' } }); const lIn = el('input', { class: 'text-input', type: 'text', placeholder: '标签', value: '闹钟' }); const add = el('button', { class: 'btn primary', text: '添加闹钟' })
-    add.addEventListener('click', () => { const h = clamp(+(hIn as HTMLInputElement).value || 0, 0, 23), m = clamp(+(mIn as HTMLInputElement).value || 0, 0, 59); st.data.alarms.push({ id: uid(), h, m, label: (lIn as HTMLInputElement).value.trim() || '闹钟', on: true }); save(); renderList() })
-    box.append(el('div', { class: 'clock-addrow' }, hIn, el('span', { text: ':' }), mIn, lIn, add), list); renderList()
-  },
-  render_sw(box: HTMLElement, st: any) {
-    box.innerHTML = ''; const disp = el('div', { class: 'sw-disp' }); const startBtn = el('button', { class: 'btn primary sw-btn' }); const lapBtn = el('button', { class: 'btn sw-btn', text: '计次' }); const resetBtn = el('button', { class: 'btn sw-btn', text: '复位' }); const laps = el('div', { class: 'sw-laps' }); box.append(disp, el('div', { class: 'sw-btns' }, lapBtn, startBtn, resetBtn), laps)
-    const fmtT = (ms: number) => { const t = Math.floor(ms / 100); return `${String(Math.floor(t / 600)).padStart(2, '0')}:${String(Math.floor(t / 10) % 60).padStart(2, '0')}.${t % 10}` }
-    const cur = () => st.sw.acc + (st.sw.running ? Date.now() - st.sw.t0 : 0)
-    const renderLaps = () => { laps.innerHTML = ''; st.sw.laps.forEach((lp: number, i: number) => laps.prepend(el('div', { class: 'sw-lap' }, el('span', { text: `计次 ${i + 1}` }), el('span', { text: fmtT(lp) })))) }
-    const syncUI = () => { disp.textContent = fmtT(cur()); (startBtn as HTMLButtonElement).textContent = st.sw.running ? '暂停' : (st.sw.acc > 0 ? '继续' : '开始'); (lapBtn as HTMLButtonElement).disabled = !st.sw.running; (resetBtn as HTMLButtonElement).disabled = st.sw.running || st.sw.acc === 0 };
-    (this as any)._swTick = () => { if (disp.isConnected) disp.textContent = fmtT(cur()) }
-    startBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { st.sw.running = !st.sw.running; if (st.sw.running) st.sw.t0 = Date.now(); else st.sw.acc += Date.now() - st.sw.t0; syncUI() })
-    lapBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { st.sw.laps.push(cur()); renderLaps() })
-    resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { st.sw = { running: false, t0: 0, acc: 0, laps: [] }; renderLaps(); syncUI() })
-    renderLaps(); syncUI()
-  },
-  render_timer(box: HTMLElement, st: any) {
-    box.innerHTML = ''; const mIn = el('input', { class: 'text-input', type: 'number', min: '0', max: '180', value: '5', style: { width: '72px' } }); const sIn = el('input', { class: 'text-input', type: 'number', min: '0', max: '59', value: '0', style: { width: '72px' } }); const disp = el('div', { class: 'sw-disp', text: '05:00' }); const startBtn = el('button', { class: 'btn primary sw-btn' }); const resetBtn = el('button', { class: 'btn sw-btn', text: '复位' }); const ring = el('div', { class: 'timer-ring' }, disp); box.append(el('div', { class: 'clock-addrow' }, mIn, el('span', { text: '分' }), sIn, el('span', { text: '秒' })), ring, el('div', { class: 'sw-btns' }, resetBtn, startBtn))
-    const fmtT = (ms: number) => { const t = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(ms / 1000)); return `${String(Math.floor(t / 60)).padStart(2, '0')}:${String(t % 60).padStart(2, '0')}` }
-    const left = () => st.timer.running ? Math.max(0, st.timer.endAt - Date.now()) : st.timer.left
-    const sync = () => { const l = left(); disp.textContent = fmtT(l); ring.style.setProperty('--p', st.timer.total ? String(1 - l / st.timer.total) : '0'); (startBtn as HTMLButtonElement).textContent = st.timer.running ? '暂停' : (st.timer.left > 0 ? '继续' : '开始'); (mIn as HTMLInputElement).disabled = (sIn as HTMLInputElement).disabled = st.timer.running };
-    (this as any)._timerTick = () => { if (!st.timer.running) return; if (st.timer.endAt - Date.now() <= 0) { st.timer.running = false; st.timer.left = 0; if (!st.timer.notified) { st.timer.notified = true; Notify.send({ appId: 'clock', title: '计时器', body: '时间到！', breakthrough: true }); this.beep() } } else st.timer.left = st.timer.endAt - Date.now(); if (disp.isConnected) sync() }
-    startBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { if (st.timer.running) { st.timer.left = Math.max(0, st.timer.endAt - Date.now()); st.timer.running = false; sync(); return }; if (st.timer.left <= 0) { st.timer.total = ((+(mIn as HTMLInputElement).value || 0) * 60 + (+(sIn as HTMLInputElement).value || 0)) * 1000; if (st.timer.total <= 0) return; st.timer.left = st.timer.total }; st.timer.endAt = Date.now() + st.timer.left; st.timer.notified = false; st.timer.running = true; sync() })
-    resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { st.timer = { left: 0, running: false, total: 0, notified: false }; sync(); disp.textContent = fmtT(((+mIn.value || 0) * 60 + (+(sIn as HTMLInputElement).value || 0)) * 1000) })
-    mIn.addEventListener('input', () => { if (!st.timer.running && st.timer.left <= 0) disp.textContent = fmtT(((+mIn.value || 0) * 60 + (+(sIn as HTMLInputElement).value || 0)) * 1000) })
-    sIn.addEventListener('input', () => mIn.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'))); sync()
-  }
 }
-Apps.register(ClockApp);
-(window as any).ClockApp = ClockApp
+Apps.register(ClockApp)
+;(window as any).ClockApp = ClockApp
diff --git a/tests/cases/31-clock.test.ts b/tests/cases/31-clock.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..680eb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/31-clock.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+/**
+ * 31-clock: Clock Vue 组件化测试
+ *
+ * 覆盖: DOM 结构/4 个 tab 切换、世界时钟（城市显示/时区偏移/加减城市）、
+ *   闹钟（列表/开关/增删）、秒表（开始/暂停/计次/复位）、
+ *   计时器（设置/启动/暂停/复位）、Store 持久化、卸载清理
+ *
+ * ⚠️ 秒表/计时器基于 Date.now() 的实时 tick 逻辑在 jsdom 中可验证状态切换，
+ *   但精确时间值变化需在浏览器环境验证。
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest'
+import { h, render, nextTick } from 'vue'
+import ClockComponent from '../../src/apps/clock/Clock.vue'
+import { store } from '../../src/composables/useStore'
+import { setupDOM } from '../helpers'
+
+function makeMockWin() {
+  const el = document.createElement('div'); el.className = 'window'
+  document.getElementById('window-layer')?.appendChild(el)
+  const body = document.createElement('div'); body.className = 'win-body'
+  el.appendChild(body)
+  return { id: 'clock', appId: 'clock', el, body, timers: [] as any[], data: {} }
+}
+
+describe('31-clock — Clock Vue 组件化', () => {
+  let win: any
+  beforeEach(() => { localStorage.clear(); store.set('clock', null); setupDOM(); win = makeMockWin() })
+  afterEach(() => { render(null, win.body); win.el.remove() })
+
+  function mount() { const v = h(ClockComponent, { win }); render(v, win.body) }
+
+  // ==================== DOM 结构 ====================
+  describe('DOM 结构', () => {
+    it('4 个 tab 按钮存在', () => {
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab').length).toBe(4)
+    })
+
+    it('默认 tab 为 world', () => {
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.store-tab.on')?.textContent).toContain('世界时钟')
+    })
+
+    it('clock-content 存在', () => {
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.clock-content')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== Tab 切换 ====================
+  describe('Tab 切换', () => {
+    it('点击闹钟 tab 切换', async () => {
+      mount()
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      const alarmTab = [...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('闹钟')) as HTMLElement
+      alarmTab.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.alarm-list')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    it('点击秒表 tab 切换', async () => {
+      mount()
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      const swTab = [...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('秒表')) as HTMLElement
+      swTab.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.sw-disp')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    it('点击计时器 tab 切换', async () => {
+      mount()
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      const timerTab = [...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('计时器')) as HTMLElement
+      timerTab.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.timer-ring')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    it('切回世界时钟 tab', async () => {
+      mount()
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      ;([...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('闹钟')) as HTMLElement)
+        .dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      ;([...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('世界时钟')) as HTMLElement)
+        .dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.clock-cities')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== 世界时钟 ====================
+  describe('世界时钟', () => {
+    it('默认显示 4 个城市', () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['上海', '东京', '伦敦', '纽约'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelectorAll('.clock-city').length).toBe(4)
+    })
+
+    it('每个城市有时区偏移', () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['上海', '东京'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      const offsets = win.body.querySelectorAll('.clock-city small')
+      expect(offsets.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+      expect(offsets[0].textContent).toBeTruthy() // UTC+8 or similar
+    })
+
+    it('每个城市有时间显示', () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['上海'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.clock-city-time')?.textContent).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    it('添加城市下拉框存在', () => {
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('select.text-input')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    it('删除按钮存在', () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['上海'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.clock-city .weather-del')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    it('删除城市后从列表移除', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['上海', '东京'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      const delBtn = win.body.querySelector('.clock-city .weather-del') as HTMLElement
+      delBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const remaining = store.get('clock', {}).cities
+      expect(remaining).not.toContain('上海')
+    })
+
+    it('通过 select 添加城市', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['北京'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      const select = win.body.querySelector('select') as HTMLSelectElement
+      expect(select).toBeTruthy()
+      // select 中有未添加的城市 option
+      const options = [...select.options].map((o: any) => o.value)
+      expect(options).toContain('上海')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== 闹钟 ====================
+  describe('闹钟', () => {
+    function goAlarm(win: any) {
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      ;([...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('闹钟')) as HTMLElement)
+        .dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+    }
+
+    it('初始无闹钟显示"没有闹钟"', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: [], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      goAlarm(win); await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.empty-state')?.textContent).toContain('没有闹钟')
+    })
+
+    it('预设闹钟显示在列表', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: [], alarms: [{ id: 'a1', h: 8, m: 30, label: '起床', on: false }] })
+      mount(); goAlarm(win); await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.alarm-time')?.textContent).toBe('08:30')
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.alarm-label')?.textContent).toBe('起床')
+    })
+
+    it('闹钟开关 toggle', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: [], alarms: [{ id: 'a1', h: 7, m: 0, label: '测试', on: false }] })
+      mount(); goAlarm(win); await nextTick()
+      const sw = win.body.querySelector('.switch') as HTMLElement
+      expect(sw.classList.contains('on')).toBe(false)
+      sw.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const data = store.get('clock', {})
+      expect(data.alarms[0].on).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('添加闹钟', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: [], alarms: [] })
+      mount(); goAlarm(win); await nextTick()
+      const addBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      addBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const data = store.get('clock', {})
+      expect(data.alarms.length).toBe(1)
+      expect(data.alarms[0].on).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('删除闹钟', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: [], alarms: [{ id: 'a1', h: 8, m: 0, label: 'T', on: false }] })
+      mount(); goAlarm(win); await nextTick()
+      const delBtn = win.body.querySelector('.alarm-row .weather-del') as HTMLElement
+      delBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const data = store.get('clock', {})
+      expect(data.alarms.length).toBe(0)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== 秒表 ====================
+  describe('秒表', () => {
+    function goSw(win: any) {
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      ;([...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('秒表')) as HTMLElement)
+        .dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+    }
+
+    it('初始显示 00:00.0', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.sw-disp')?.textContent).toBe('00:00.0')
+    })
+
+    it('开始按钮默认显示"开始"', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const btns = win.body.querySelectorAll('.sw-btn')
+      expect([...btns].some(b => b.textContent === '开始')).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('计次按钮初始禁用', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const btn = win.body.querySelector('.sw-btn') as HTMLButtonElement
+      expect(btn.disabled).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('复位按钮初始禁用', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const btns = win.body.querySelectorAll('.sw-btn')
+      const resetBtn = [...btns].find(b => b.textContent === '复位') as HTMLButtonElement
+      expect(resetBtn.disabled).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    // ⚠️ jsdom 中 now.value 需真实时间流逝才能计算 acc；
+    // 两次点击之间加入小延时让 Date.now() 推进
+    it('点击开始→暂停→继续', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const primaryBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      primaryBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(primaryBtn.textContent).toBe('暂停')
+      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 20))  // 让 now 推进
+      primaryBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(primaryBtn.textContent).toBe('继续')
+    })
+
+    it('开始后计次按钮可用', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const primaryBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      primaryBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const lapBtn = win.body.querySelector('.sw-btn') as HTMLButtonElement
+      expect(lapBtn.disabled).toBe(false)
+    })
+
+    it('计次添加 lap', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const primaryBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      primaryBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const lapBtn = win.body.querySelectorAll('.sw-btn')[0] as HTMLElement
+      lapBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.sw-lap')).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+
+    // ⚠️ jsdom 中两次点击 start→pause 后需延时让 acc 累积
+    it('暂停后复位按钮可用', async () => {
+      mount(); goSw(win); await nextTick()
+      const primaryBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      primaryBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 20))
+      primaryBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const btns = win.body.querySelectorAll('.sw-btn')
+      const resetBtn = [...btns].find(b => b.textContent === '复位') as HTMLButtonElement
+      expect(resetBtn.disabled).toBe(false)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== 计时器 ====================
+  describe('计时器', () => {
+    function goTimer(win: any) {
+      const tabs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.store-tab')
+      ;([...tabs].find(t => t.textContent.includes('计时器')) as HTMLElement)
+        .dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+    }
+
+    it('默认显示 05:00', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.timer-ring .sw-disp')?.textContent).toBe('05:00')
+    })
+
+    it('有分钟和秒钟输入框', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      const inputs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.clock-addrow input[type="number"]')
+      expect(inputs.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2)
+    })
+
+    it('有开始和复位按钮', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      const btns = win.body.querySelectorAll('.sw-btn')
+      expect(btns.length).toBe(2)
+    })
+
+    it('点击开始后按钮变为暂停', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      const startBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      startBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(startBtn.textContent).toBe('暂停')
+    })
+
+    it('点击暂停后变为继续', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      const startBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      startBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      startBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(startBtn.textContent).toBe('继续')
+    })
+
+    it('运行时输入框禁用', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      const startBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      startBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const inputs = win.body.querySelectorAll('.clock-addrow input[type="number"]')
+      expect((inputs[0] as HTMLInputElement).disabled).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('复位后恢复 05:00 显示', async () => {
+      mount(); goTimer(win); await nextTick()
+      const startBtn = win.body.querySelector('.btn.primary') as HTMLElement
+      startBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      startBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const btns = win.body.querySelectorAll('.sw-btn')
+      const resetBtn = [...btns].find(b => b.textContent === '复位') as HTMLElement
+      resetBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      expect(win.body.querySelector('.timer-ring .sw-disp')?.textContent).toBe('05:00')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== 持久化 ====================
+  describe('持久化', () => {
+    it('store 加载预设数据', () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['上海', '东京'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      expect(win.body.querySelectorAll('.clock-city').length).toBe(2)
+    })
+
+    it('修改后 store 更新', async () => {
+      store.set('clock', { cities: ['北京'], alarms: [] })
+      mount()
+      const delBtn = win.body.querySelector('.weather-del') as HTMLElement
+      delBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true }))
+      await nextTick()
+      const data = store.get('clock', {})
+      expect(data.cities).not.toContain('北京')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ==================== 卸载 ====================
+  describe('卸载', () => {
+    it('卸载后 DOM 为空', () => {
+      mount()
+      render(null, win.body)
+      expect(win.body.children.length).toBe(0)
+    })
+  })
+})